This document specifies requirements for applying and documenting methods for determining particulate contamination on functionally-relevant components and systems (cleanliness inspection) of road vehicles. A cleanliness inspection comprises the basis of an assessment of technical cleanliness, which is performed, for example, under the following circumstances: — initial inspection and evaluation; — inspection of incoming and outgoing components; and — quality control or monitoring of manufacturing processes relevant to cleanliness (e.g. cleaning, surface treatment and assembly processes). This document is intended to improve the informative quality and comparability of test results. It also defines the standardized expression of cleanliness specifications and cleanliness test results in the quality chain of the automotive industry. This document does not apply to the following: — detection of filmy contamination (grease, oils, etc.); — application of non-quantifiable particulate detection methods on test components (e.g. visual assessment, wipe test with clean cloth, etc.); and — characterization of operating fluids (fuel, oils, coolants, brake fluid, etc.). This document does not define any cleanliness limit values for specific components or systems. The degree of cleanliness required for a specific component or system is dependent on a number of highly-individual factors. Cleanliness specifications are intended to be undertaken only by specialists who not only know the component concerned but also the system it is built into, the later conditions of use, technically-feasible practices and possible consequences for manufacturing processes and the supply chain. Guidance for deriving limit values can be found in Annex H.
This document specifies requirements for applying and documenting methods for determining particulate contamination on functionally-relevant components and systems (cleanliness inspection) of road vehicles.
A cleanliness inspection comprises the basis of an assessment of technical cleanliness, which is performed, for example, under the following circumstances:
— initial inspection and evaluation;
— inspection of incoming and outgoing components; and
— quality control or monitoring of manufacturing processes relevant to cleanliness (e.g. cleaning, surface treatment and assembly processes).
This document is intended to improve the informative quality and comparability of test results. It also defines the standardized expression of cleanliness specifications and cleanliness test results in the quality chain of the automotive industry.
This document does not apply to the following:
— detection of filmy contamination (grease, oils, etc.);
— application of non-quantifiable particulate detection methods on test components (e.g. visual assessment, wipe test with clean cloth, etc.); and
— characterization of operating fluids (fuel, oils, coolants, brake fluid, etc.).
This document does not define any cleanliness limit values for specific components or systems. The degree of cleanliness required for a specific component or system is dependent on a number of highly-individual factors. Cleanliness specifications are intended to be undertaken only by specialists who not only know the component concerned but also the system it is built into, the later conditions of use, technically-feasible practices and possible consequences for manufacturing processes and the supply chain. Guidance for deriving limit values can be found in Annex H.
<p>ISO 16232-1:2007 defines the vocabulary used in the characterization and measurement of particulate contamination of parts, components, sub-assemblies and assemblies constituting the fluid circuits of internal combustion engines of road vehicles. This applies to all components that may come into contact with a liquid (e.g. oil, fuel, air conditioning refrigerant, coolant), a solid lubricant or a gas (intake air).</p> <p>Unless otherwise specified, ISO 16232-1:2007 deals with particulate cleanliness only. It does not therefore cover appearance defects or contamination by liquid or gas materials. </p> <p>It covers the amount and the nature of residual particulate contaminants resulting from the whole manufacturing processes and from the environment.</p>
<p>ISO 16232-2:2007 describes the principles of extraction of contaminants from a component by the agitation method. It is preferably applied to components that are hollow and are suited to being agitated by an operator or by an appropriate mechanical device.</p> <p>This agitation method can be employed on its own or in association with other methods of extraction described in the ISO 16232 series.</p> <p>Unless otherwise specified, ISO 16232-2:2007 deals with particulate contamination only. It does not, therefore, cover appearance defects or contamination by liquid or gaseous materials. It covers the amount and the nature of residual particles resulting from manufacturing processes and from the environment.</p>
<p>ISO 16232-3:2007 describes the principles of extraction of contaminants from a component by pressure rinsing. It is preferably applied to components of which the surface to be examined is accessible by a jet of test liquid.</p> <p>This method can be employed on its own or in association with other methods of extraction described in the ISO 16232 series.</p> <p>Unless otherwise specified, ISO 16232-3:2007 deals with particulate contamination only. It does not, therefore, cover appearance defects or contamination by liquid or gaseous materials. It covers the amount and the nature of residual particles resulting from manufacturing processes and from the environment.</p>
<p>ISO 16232-4:2007 describes the principles of extraction of contaminants from a component either by immersion in an ultrasonic bath or by applying ultrasonic vibrations directly via sonotrodes. It is preferably applied to small and medium sized components of various geometry of which both internal and/or external surfaces are examined (e.g. joint seals, gears, etc). It is also applicable to small parts to be analysed in batches.</p> <p>This method can be used on its own or in association with other methods of extraction described in the ISO 16232 series.</p> <p>Unless otherwise specified, ISO 16232-4:2007 deals with particulate contamination only. It does not, therefore, cover appearance defects or contamination by liquid or gaseous materials. It covers the amount and the nature of residual particles resulting from manufacturing processes and from the environment.</p>
<p>ISO 16232-5:2007 describes the principles of extraction of contaminants by test on a laboratory functional test bench with the test liquid flowing under pressure or under vacuum. It is applicable to both active and passive components through which the fluid can easily flow.</p> <p>Unless otherwise specified, ISO 16232-5:2007 deals with particulate contamination only. It does not, therefore, cover appearance defects or contamination by liquid or gaseous materials. It covers the amount and the nature of residual particles resulting from manufacturing processes and from the environment.</p>
<p>The purpose of ISO 16232-6:2007 is to determine the mass of particulate contamination by gravimetric analysis. Contaminants are separated from the extraction liquid by filtration. It applies to automotive components in contact with a fluid.</p> <p>Unless otherwise specified, ISO 16232-6:2007 deals with particulate cleanliness only. It does not, therefore, cover appearance defects or contamination by liquid or gaseous materials. It covers the amount of residual particulate contaminants resulting from manufacturing processes and from the environment.</p>
<p>ISO 16232-7:2007 defines methods for determining the size and number of contaminant particles, which have been extracted from components and deposited on the surface of a membrane filter, as determined by using either a light optical microscope (LM) or a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result of this measurement is the particle size distribution on the membrane filter.</p> <p>As the function of parts and components can be impaired by the presence of a single or a few critical particles, a complete analysis of the total membrane filter surface is essential.</p> <p>These analyses can be performed either manually or fully automatically using Image Analysis (IA) techniques if the appropriate equipment is available.</p>
<p>ISO 16232-8:2007 describes a method for determining the nature of contaminant particles by identifying their elemental chemical composition using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) in combination with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The contaminant particles are extracted from automotive parts or components and deposited on the surface of a membrane filter. In addition to the number and size of particles as described in ISO 16232-7, this measurement gives the elemental composition of the particles analysed.</p>
<p>ISO 16232-9:2007 defines methods for determining the size distribution of particulate contaminants extracted from automotive components using techniques described in ISO 16232-3, ISO 16232-4 and ISO 16232-5, using automatic light extinction particle counter instruments (APC).</p> <p>ISO 16232-9:2007 only applies to the analysis of the whole volume of extraction liquid.</p>
<p>ISO 16232-10:2007 defines the rules and the forms of expression and presentation of the results of measurements of particulate cleanliness of components for the fluid circuits of motor vehicles. It also defines a cleanliness coding system for simplifying the reporting and communication of particulate contamination data.</p> <p>ISO 16232-10:2007 also defines the rules to be used for specifying cleanliness requirements.</p> <p>It does not concern the expression of particulate cleanliness of fluids.</p>
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